Internal-combustion engine.



EAB.

AL COMBSTION ENGNE,

A LICATION FILED AUG1 l0, 3.910.

l y l @h i B. READ. INTERNAL GOMBUSTION BNC-INE. MPJGATION FILED UG. 10, 1910.

Patented 065.15, 12H2.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

B. READ.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.

atented Oct. 15, i912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

T fi" a TVM UN l To all wzfom it may concern;

Be it known that l, BALFOUR R Cimdut waal, ledfoz'd, m tias, Bedford, Enzgflaudi have inven' new anfl useful Improvements ing t0 lntemal-Combustion This invention relates that dass of combuslon 'e' WQrk stroke 1S eeced m hind it, anni in which lze Valigie e combustion chamber: from the pumg; Hf pms in a hollow Sleeve Connecmg tlm, 3

making.; ,1

L stroke. pison is gn'elvv disk 23 and the casing, aspring ring 25 disposed at the back of each packing ring 24 and a retaining cap 2G adapted to keep the packing in position. The packing ring 24 may be made in segments the ends of which overlap as shown in Fig. 6 so as to break joint and avoid gaps. The segments have no resilience in themselves and are therefore not liable to spring into the ports, hence this form of packing is particularly applicable to engines made in accordance with this invention.

Means for scavenging the explosion cyl inder where no vseinirate inlet valves are pro vided as shown in Figs. l and 4, comprises the pumping piston S made with a chamber 27 and provided with' ports 28 which are coincident with ports in the ypumping cylinder when the piston is near the top of the stroke. Said ports in the pumping cylinder .communicate with the atmosphere, ports 19 in the pumping cylinder commu` nicate with the chamber within the cover 20 said chamber being in communication with the explosive mixture, and a tube `29 leads from the hollow pumping piston to the interior of the sleeve 9.

The act-ion is as followsze-On the upstroke of the piston a partial vacuum is formed beneath the pumping piston S. Near the top of the stroke ports 28 coincide with the pure air supply ports in the cylinder thus admitting a charge of fresh air to the interior of the sleeve 9; immediately afterward the explosion mixture is admitted by ports 19. The effect of this is that the contents of sleeve 9 consists mainly of' pure air so that before the charge of xplosive mixture enters the cylinder l itis receded by a small charge of pure air, orming a cushion between the burned gases and the fresh explosive mixture.

The sleeve 9 maybe separately connected to the piston 4 and sleeve and piston may be cooled by water circulation or forced air draft, as may be found desirable in largeengines. One method of cooling lthe sleeve and piston is shown in Fig.`10 diagrammatie cally. Within the piston 4 and the lower portion of the sleeve 9 is disposed a casing 31, leaving a space 32 connected to the water circulating system by an inlet pipe 33 and an outlet pipe 34. The path of the water is indicated by arrows. The pipes 33 and 34 have hollow knuckle joints, 35, 3G, 37, 38, 39 and 40 to allow for the movement of the piston.

Means for lubricating the cylinder and packing comprises an oil reservoir 41, in which the pressure is maintained by Ythe air pressure in the pumpchamber 42, a supply pipe 43 leading from the oil reservoir 4l to the top of the cover 20, a non-return valve 44, and means for raising said nonreturn valve to admit a drop 'of oil into the pumping cylinder -at each stroke of the engine or otherwise comprising a projection 45 on the piston S.' Thei'eed-.niay be regulated by a needle valve` in 'the oil supply pipe 43. The drainage from the pump cylinder 7 is caught by a circular trough 46 and led by two or more tubes or gutters 47 to the upper surface of the stufling box cap 48. The cap 48 is dished for the purpose of retaining the oil the inner edge being made higher than the outer edge. The lmver surface ot the cap 4S is formed so that only the outer portion bears on the uppermost ianged disk 23. The inner ortion of the retaining ring is recesse so as to provide a small clearance 49 which communicates with thc upper surface of the ring by a number of holes or passages 50 whereby a film or small quantity of oil is always in contact at its inner edge with the sleeve 9 to be lubricated, and oil over-dow ing the outcr edge of the retaining ring 48 falls into the sump ot the pump-chamber and is blown through the non-return valve 51 to the oil reservoir 41.

The engine may be started by compressed air and theI method ol starting in either die rection is as follows: The compressed air is admitted to the combustion chamber 16 from a receiver by suitable pipingmnot showneitherthrongh two valves disposed separately as shown in detail in Fig. 7 or by av single balanced valve, mechanically operated. The valve 55 is mechanically operated by a cam on the countcrshatt 56 which is driven at the same speed as the crank shaft, and valve 57 is auttmiatically opened by the air pressure behind it. The valve 55 is timed to open and admit compressed air a short period after the commencement ot' the down stroke and close bifore thc exhaust ports 3 art` uncovered. The pressure in the cylinder then falls` and a charge is delivered through the ports lo. (ln the upstroke the charge is comliiressed and tired, ignition being preferably timed to take place at a point between the top of the. stroke and the opening of the valve $35 so that the valve 5T kept closed by the. pressure in the cylin der. lflhen it is desired to start the engine in the reverse direction, the counter shaft 5G slid along by a lever and another set of cams-not sho\\fu-brought into opera tion. Willen running under power, the valve is normally between the two sets of cams, and inoperative.

The valves 55 may be disposed shown in Figs. 8 ally in the same stems 7) pointing inward. ln such an arrangement thc shaft 5G would be provided with two cams c und l only and would pas through thc center of the casing u and oper4 ate each valve in correct sequence. 'llie of a multicylinder engine in a separate casing u, as and 9, and arranged radiplane at equal angles, the

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wem-ee l are ellcll provided with :l mechanically opel*- slted Valve 58 which is adeptes" to be le- 'turned to ils seal by ille piston 59 slid spring 60. Compressed air is admitted to these Valves by' s, piping (Sl fl'olll :l controlling mechanism, tile collil'elling mechanism isl pieviclell Wiill all inlet valve 62 from llle compressed alii* supply and all exhaust valve 63 and ell-ms 6 and 65 on sllzlft 6G. The cams are adapted le be slicl inte ol' out flic, Operative position te open and close the eolllplessefl aililllet valves 58 ill tlleil eerleet sequence but llellllzllly said cllllls G4: are irl inoperative posiiiolls. Tile eallls muy be slid ill llllisoll Witll tlle opening and closing 0l' the valves of ille controlling mechanism 0l independently thel'eof and llt tile szlllle time ille ignition lllily be eut olli. Ill operation tile cams G4 n 1licll are dlivell et ille same speed as tlle c ".ll'lll sl'lllft of lllellgille llle slid 'lo epel'lll'e ille inlet valves 58, ai; tlle sallle lime ille illlei Valve 62 of lle Controlling lllecllallislll opened to ille compressed llif supply. The ellg'ille is illell caused to fetale by cell'lpl'essell all' ille Valves opening and closing ill their cori-ect sequence ille exllllllsly lllllillfl" ilzllfe tllrllll'll ille L 7 Y? CJ ordinary eXllllllst polis 3 of ille engine7 Fel the purpose of lllilizil'lg` tile engine :ls all eHie/iell'n brake lllleillel of C'zlllls 65 is provided ill ille sl'lzllt ll'llicll llle llllzlplell lo Operate lille :lil inlet Jsllles 5S when ille illlei. valve (32 of ille (-,lllltl'ollillg lllevllllllislll closed and ille exllllllst lzlll'e lllelee is opened.

lll Operation oil llle fnl*lvlllll'sil'lllie el ille engl-ille llil is fll'zlwll ill te ille lylillflel l vllll'es zllfe Slllltlle'fll ille ellll el: illll sll'ell'e :lllfl lllellil celllllell ill ille Qylinllel' is Qlllllpl'essell lilliil tlle lop of ille s l'lllle is l'ellcllell wllell tlle ail il'llel. l'llll'e 5S is opened :'lilll llle celllpl'essefl nil' esl'lllles llllollgll ille er llllllst ll ill tlle sl'llltlollillg llleflllllllislll, llllls pmflllvillgl' :l braking' llclioll lillll'illg ille lapel"- lltiell ille spzlllillg;- (lel'ive rlllly be cll'l Olli.

'Tile clllblll'elel' ll'llly be :ll'l'llllggllil lll sllpu llil only when tile braking opellltillll is ill Tile lletllils llesel'illell lllfly lll Fmll'se be llloflililfl in lllliolls ways l'l'llillx l 1z\el\'ill ille n'llliil l'zlll'lles lll: illy illlllli'irlil.

lllhfll l Clllilll llllll lllrsil'e i'll sel'llll; lijvlleltels l Llient is1fl. All lilltellllll ullll'lbllsl'il'lll llllgjills ellllllisillg a plllllllily of werking 'L\vllll l f :lllll pi'sllllls, :lll mllllll lllllllllel el lklllll'llllillgw (zyllllclers :lllll llisl'ells ill lllil'lelllllll; willl sllill llffllkillg l'ylillllel's, al slllllillg; bmx bel'lveell each Working eylillllel' llllcl lle elil'e y'llllp Cylinder, pistons all@v wel' ill elle el: sillll belles, ports ill L rl sleeves 'lol' :l the cllalge l'lelll eff-.ell plllllll le lillA i Working Cylinder, s msillg;

connecting ell 1 :T: close all lle bil-,cli elll'ls el l" 'i Cylinders, llllfl l" realls lfm' lldrllili plesive ll'li-tlne "m from saicl easing;

Q. *gin vr.

pist-Uns, llilcl all nel lllllllllsl' lll lllllll. cylillclels and p lens ill slillelllelli.r4 their l'eslleciile ,l'oilzillg 'sa ing beiY h qlflillllel l'especile pil lp ayl'lllllel', ll` sleeve cellls; lng ezlcll pail' el y tolls lll il Wmliillgj ill elle 0f szlicl slilllily;r ill sllill sleeves,

a fl Ll illlel ill ille Willis of ille. pump fl/'lilldersl ll lilllpefl lo lllclese sflill "lleil ports llllcl llfll llle bulli ends of ille jllllllll 11j-g cyllllclels lelllllllg l slllfe closed lfllslllbe wlllcll ls lll eelllllllll'llcllllllll willl ille enple-v sll'e llllxll e f :l e l :sul

l Cylinders pls oils lll Werking; slli'lllle p llllllL sllld l'eserl'el plllllll l" e (lil Yeselwllil' llllll ille l if" lilik" ull Uillzll llllzllllel ll;

"l ill ille' ellvll l lll lllll l lilly lll' fils pllllf 'Wil-ih lli cylinders, a casing adapted to inclose said' inlet ports and all the back ends of the pumping cylinders, forming a single closed chamber which 1s un communication with the explosive mixture supply, an oil reser voir, connections between the oil reservoir.

stu'lling box cap on each 'stuffing box, a gutl ter leading from each trough to the upper surfaces of the respective stuhng box caps,

and non-return valves in said connections between the oil reservoirl and the pump chambers itor returning surplus oil from each pump chamber to the reservoir.

5. An internal conzbustion engine comprising a plurality of working cylinders and. pistons, and an equal number of pumping cylinders and pistons in alinement with their respective working cylinders, a stuffing box between each working cylinder and respective pump cylinder, a sleeve connecting each pair of pistons and working in one of said stuffing boxes, ports in said sleeves, inlet ports in the walls of the pump cylinders, and a casing adapted to inclose said inlet ports and all the back ends of the pumping cylinders, forming a single closed chamber which is in communication with the explosivemixture supply, said pumpmg piston being hollow and having ports therein, and said pumping cylinders having corresponding ports in the walls thereof communicatine with the atmosphere, and tubes leading trom the hollow pump pistons to the interior of the sleeves.

6. An internal combustion englne coinprising a plurality of working cylinders and pistons, an equal number of pumping cylinders and pistons in alinement with said working cylinders, a'stutfing box between each working cylinder and respective pump cylinder, a sleeve connecting each pair of pistons and working in one of said stuffing boxes, ports in vsaid sleeves for admitting the charge from each pump to the respective working cylinder and a casing adapted to inclose all the back ends of the pumping cylinders, means for admitting the explosive mixture to the pumping cylinders from said casing, and means for admitting air l the interior of sleeves for scavenging.

7. An internal combustion engine comprising a plurality ol' working cylinders and pistons, an equal number of puuping cylinders and pistons in alinement with said working cylinders, a stuffing box between each working cylinder and respective pump cylinder, a sleeve connecting each pair of pistons and working in one of said stuiing boxes, ports-in said sleeves for admitting the charge from each pump to the "respective working cylinder, and a casing adapted to inclose all the back ends of the pumping cylinders, means for admitting the explosive mixture to the pumping cylinders from said casing, a casing within the lower portions of each sleeve and within each power piston, and means for circulating water between the casing and the sleeve or piston.

8. An internal combustion engine comprising a plurality of working cylinders and pistons, andan equal number of pumping cylinders and pistons in alinement with their respective working cylinders, a stuffing box between eachworking cylinder and respective pump cylinder, a sleeve connecting each pair of pistons and working in one of said stuing boxes, ports in said sleeves, inlet ports in the walls of the pump cylinders, a casing adapted to inclose said inlet ports and all the back ends of the pumping cylinders, forming a single closed chamber which is in communication with the explosive mixture supply, a casing within the lower portions of the sleeve and'within the power piston and means for circulating water between the casing and the sleeve or piston.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto ,signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

BALFOUR READ. Witnesses: i

Ronnn'r Micron SrnxnrolN'r, Hnnnnk'r D. JAMESON. 

